Kerri WaldronA strict paleo diet eliminates processed foods and artificially sweetened beverages. It also restricts legumes, whole grains and dairy. Talk with your healthcare and nutrition team before making these changes to make sure you get enough of the nutrients you need.
In recent years, the wellness world has buzzed with the merits of two groundbreaking diets: the Ketogenic (keto) and the Paleolithic (paleo) diets. Both have been praised for their potential health benefits and transformative power.
But with their unique principles and approaches, deciding which is the right fit for one’s needs can be overwhelming. This guide delves deep into the foundations, benefits, and potential pitfalls of each diet.
As we navigate the Keto vs. Paleo debate, we’ll equip you with the essential facts to make an informed and healthy choice tailored to your lifestyle and goals.
Keto vs. paleo: Understanding their core principles
The heart of every dietary approach lies in its foundational principles, which dictate the types of foods allowed, the ones to avoid, and the larger health objective it aims to achieve.
Keto diet
Originating as a medical diet in the 1920s, the ketogenic or “keto” diet was initially introduced to treat drug-resistant epilepsy [1]. Over the years, its potential benefits have extended beyond just epilepsy treatment.
The core principle of the keto diet is the drastic reduction of carbohydrate intake, replacing it with fats. This alteration puts the body into a state of ketosis.
In ketosis, the body burns fat for energy instead of relying on glucose from carbohydrates. The typical macronutrient distribution is around 70% fats, 25% protein, and a mere 5% carbohydrates.
Paleo diet
The paleo, or “paleolithic” diet, harks back to our ancestral eating habits, particularly from the era before the advent of agriculture. The fundamental idea behind the paleo diet is that the human body is genetically mismatched to the modern diet that came with farming.
This diet asserts that our bodies are better suited to the diet of our hunter-gatherer ancestors. Thus, it emphasizes consuming whole foods like lean meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, while eschewing processed foods, grains, dairy, and legumes.
Unlike keto, the paleo diet doesn’t prescribe specific macronutrient ratios. Instead, it focuses on food sources, championing the belief that if it wasn’t available to our paleolithic ancestors, it probably isn’t ideal for our health today [2].
While the keto diet radically shifts the body’s energy source from carbs to fats, the paleo diet aims to align our eating habits with our ancestors, emphasizing food quality and source over macronutrient distribution.
Key benefits of keto and paleo
Both the keto and paleo diets have garnered significant attention not just for their distinct dietary approaches but, more importantly, for the health benefits they purport to offer.
Here, we will delve into the major advantages of each, shedding light on why so many individuals worldwide swear by one or the other.
Keto diet
1. Rapid weight loss: One of the most touted benefits of the keto diet is its potential for swift weight loss [3]. By cutting carbs, the body enters a state of ketosis, which begins to burn fat for energy instead of glucose. This transition often leads to a marked decrease in appetite, further promoting weight loss.
2. Enhances brain function: Many keto enthusiasts report heightened mental clarity and focus. This can be attributed to the stable energy source provided by ketones, an efficient brain fuel.
3. Improves blood sugar and insulin levels: The keto diet may benefit those with diabetes or at risk of the disease. Reducing carbohydrate intake makes blood sugar levels more easily stabilized, and insulin sensitivity can improve.
4. Boosts energy and endurance: With a consistent energy source derived from fats, many on the keto diet experience sustained energy levels, decreasing the highs and lows associated with carbohydrate-heavy diets.
Paleo diet
1. Natural weight management: While the paleo diet isn’t specifically designed for weight loss, many find that by eliminating processed foods and focusing on whole, nutrient-dense items, they naturally reach and maintain a healthy weight.
2. Anti-inflammatory benefits: By emphasizing foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and phytonutrients, the paleo diet can help combat inflammation [4], a root cause of many chronic diseases.
3. Improves gut health: Eliminating processed foods, refined sugars, and grains can lead to a healthier gut biome. A balanced gut can positively influence everything from digestion to immune function.
4. Better nutrient uptake: Focusing on whole foods, the paleo diet often leads to an increased intake of essential vitamins and minerals. Without the anti-nutrients in grains and legumes, the body can absorb these beneficial compounds more effectively.
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Keto vs. paleo: Weighing the concerns
Every diet, no matter how popular or effective, has its potential drawbacks and concerns. Understanding these can help make an informed choice, ensuring that one’s health is not compromised in pursuing benefits.
Keto diet
1. Keto flu: During the initial stages, individuals may experience flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, brain fog, irritability, and headaches [5]. This results from the body adjusting to its new energy source, and while temporary, it can be off-putting for many.
2. Nutrient deficiencies: Because the keto diet eliminates certain food groups, it can lead to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals like calcium, potassium, and magnesium unless properly managed.
3. Long-term sustainability: Maintaining such a strict macronutrient balance can be challenging over long periods. Some people find it hard to adhere to, leading to a yo-yo effect when they revert to their old eating habits.
Paleo diet
1. Cost concerns: High-quality meats, organic produce, and specialty items preferred in the paleo diet can be more expensive than their conventional or processed counterparts.
2. Potential nutrient gaps: By excluding dairy, legumes, and grains, there’s a potential risk of missing out on essential nutrients like calcium and specific B vitamins [6], unless one carefully curates their food choices.
3. Lack of clear guidelines: The paleo diet’s emphasis on ancestral eating can sometimes lead to ambiguity. There’s debate about what our ancestors truly ate and how it translates to modern-day choices, leading to different diet interpretations.
What can you eat on keto or paleo?
When it comes to dietary choices, knowing which foods are embraced and which are avoided is crucial. Both keto and paleo diets have specific guidelines regarding food inclusion and exclusion. Here’s a concise breakdown to guide your culinary journey.
Keto diet
What you CAN eat:
- Fats and oils: Avocado, olive oil, coconut oil, butter, and ghee.
- Proteins: Fatty cuts of meat, poultry, fish, and eggs.
- Dairy: Cheese, cream, and Greek yogurt (in moderation).
- Vegetables: Leafy greens, cauliflower, broccoli, zucchini, and other low-carb veggies.
- Nuts and seeds: Almonds, macadamias, flaxseeds, and chia seeds.
What you CANNOT eat:
- High-carb foods: Bread, pasta, rice, and cereals.
- Sugary foods: Cakes, candies, sugary drinks, and most fruits.
- Starches: Potatoes, sweet potatoes, and corn.
Paleo diet
What you CAN eat
- Meats: Grass-fed beef, poultry, lamb, and wild game.
- Fish: Preferably wild-caught varieties like salmon, mackerel, and trout.
- Produce: All fresh fruits and vegetables, with a preference for organic.
- Nuts and seeds: Except for peanuts, which are legumes.
- Fats: Olive oil, coconut oil, avocado oil, and ghee.
What you CANNOT eat:
- Grains: Wheat, oats, barley, rice, and quinoa.
- Dairy: Milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter (though some Paleo followers do include ghee).
- Legumes: Beans, lentils, chickpeas, and peanuts.
- Processed foods and sugars: Packaged snacks, sodas, and refined sugars.
- Artificial additives: Preservatives, artificial sweeteners, and colorings.
While this list provides a quick overview, it’s important to remember that individual food reactions vary. It’s always advisable to monitor how your body responds and adjust accordingly.
Additionally, variations and modifications exist within both diets, so it’s essential to do thorough research and possibly consult with a nutritionist to tailor the approach to personal needs.
Keto and paleo in daily life: How to adapt and adjust
Embarking on a dietary journey doesn’t just alter what’s on your plate; it intertwines with your daily life, routines, and even social engagements. Let’s explore how each diet might demand adjustments and offer flexibility.
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Keto diet
Monitoring ketosis
It’s not just about food choices; many keto followers use tools like urine strips or blood tests to ensure they remain in ketosis. This adds an element of vigilance to the diet.
Supplementing wisely
Due to potential nutrient gaps, individuals might need supplements like magnesium, vitamin D, or omega-3 to maintain optimal health.
Eating out
While manageable, dining out requires careful menu scrutiny to avoid hidden carbs and ensure fat content.
Paleo diet
Whole foods emphasis
A trip to the grocery store becomes an exercise in label-reading, ensuring products don’t contain disallowed additives or processed ingredients.
Flexibility
The Paleo community often speaks of the “80/20 rule,” suggesting it’s okay to deviate occasionally, as long as 80% of the time, you stick to the guidelines.
Social gatherings
While it might be easier to find Paleo-friendly options compared to Keto, events centered around foods like pizza or sandwiches might still pose challenges.
Both diets require commitment and awareness but also offer leeway for personalization. As lifestyles evolve, these diets can too, allow for a balanced and sustainable approach.
How to choose which diet is for you?
The choice between keto and paleo largely depends on your health objectives, preferences, and underlying medical conditions. Here’s a quick guide to help you determine which might be a better fit:
Keto diet
- Weight loss goals: Individuals looking for rapid weight loss might benefit from the ketosis-driven fat burning of the keto diet.
- Diabetic or pre-diabetic: With its focus on reducing carbohydrate intake, keto can help stabilize blood sugar levels, making it a potential choice for those with or at risk for type 2 diabetes.
- Brain health enthusiasts: The enhanced mental clarity and potential neuroprotective benefits of ketones might appeal to those prioritizing cognitive function.
Paleo diet
- Holistic wellness seekers: If you’re looking for an all-rounded health improvement based on whole foods and ancestral eating patterns, paleo might resonate more.
- Sensitive to dairy or grains: Those with intolerances or sensitivities to dairy or grains might naturally gravitate towards the paleo lifestyle.
- Anti-inflammatory focus: With its emphasis on omega-3s and phytonutrients, paleo could be ideal for those wanting to combat inflammation.
Closing thoughts
The journey through the Keto and Paleo landscapes reveals that both diets have unique strengths, potential benefits, and considerations.
Whether you’re drawn to the fat-centric world of keto or the ancestral roots of paleo, the choice ultimately hinges on personal health goals, dietary preferences, and individual needs.
Remember, the best diet is not a one-size-fits-all but one that feels sustainable, beneficial and aligns with your lifestyle. Armed with the knowledge from this guide, you are well-equipped to make an informed choice.
Whatever path you choose, prioritize balance, listen to your body, and seek expert guidance when needed.
FAQs
What is healthier paleo or keto?
The Paleo and Keto diets have their own health benefits and potential drawbacks, making neither universally “healthier” than the other. The best choice depends on individual health goals, dietary preferences, and how one’s body responds to each diet.
Do you lose weight faster paleo or keto?
Typically, the keto diet can lead to quicker weight loss initially because it places the body in ketosis, where fat is used as the primary energy source. However, individual responses can vary, and long-term weight management success depends on consistent dietary practices and overall lifestyle.
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[1] https://www.cureepilepsy.org/for-patients/understanding/treatments/keto-diet-for-epilepsy/
[2] https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/paleo-diet/art-20111182
[3] https://keto-mojo.com/article/top-11-health-benefits-of-keto/
[4] https://thepaleodiet.com/how-the-paleo-diet-fights-inflammation/
[5] https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/what-is-keto-flu-2018101815052
[6] https://caltonnutrition.com/paleo-diet-pitfalls/
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Source: longevity.technology
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